Non-Batman gothic comics – part 2

If you read the last post, you know what’s going on. Here are some more comics that are gothic as hell and definitely worth checking out:

THE NEW DEADWARDIANS

The New DeadwardiansThe New DeadwardiansThe New Deadwardians #1

Set in an alternative 1910, this wonderful mini-series is one of those works that plays with horror tropes like zombies (the ‘restless’) and vampires (the ‘young’) yet it’s much less interested in cheap thrills than in fusing myth with historical fiction. In this version of post-Victorian England, the elites have managed to manipulate vampirism while the masses desperately struggle to survive among a zombie epidemic. Yes, like most British fiction, underneath all the ghastliness The New Deadwardians is essentially about class relations, but it’s also an ingenious commentary on the implications of mortality.

You can add a murder mystery to the genre mash-up – a particularly devilish one, since it concerns the murder of an undead person. Whodunits, of course, are a proven method for effectively guiding readers through the different social areas of an alternate History setting, as seen in excellent novels like Robert Harris’ Fatherland, Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policemen’s Union, and Mike Carey’s The Devil You Know (which is also set in a zombified London). In fact, more than a macabre parable, I would argue that The New Deadwardians is above all an imaginative and highly entertaining exercise in speculative world-building.

New Deadwardians 5     New Deadwardians 4     New Deadwardians 6

What a skillfully made comic! Dan Abnett eases us into this fascinating world by gradually (and wittily) conveying its slang and rules while avoiding obvious infodumps. I.N.J. Culbard’s art is stylish, clear, and evocative of the era – and the same goes for Travis Lanham’s lettering. Meanwhile, Patricia Mulvihill proves once again that she is one of the greatest colorists in the field.

THE SANDMAN

Sandman 04The Sandman #4

One of the most acclaimed comic series ever, The Sandman carved out its place at a peculiar intersection between the DC Universe, goth subculture, and Shakespearean lyricism… Nominally focused on Morpheus, the Lord of Dreams, the series was almost an anthology allowing Neil Gaiman to tell unbelievably diverse tales related to the concept of ‘dream’ (and to the power of storytelling) in various cultures and historical contexts. Just look at how different the two most famous issues are… ‘The Sound of Her Wings’ is just one long, quirky, and somewhat philosophical conversation between Morpheus and his sister, Death (who in this incarnation is a sexy goth chick), as she lightheartedly goes about her deadly business. By contrast, ‘A Midsummer’s Night Dream’ revolves around the 16th century premiere of William Shakespeare’s eponymous play, performed before actual fairies! What’s more, although Gaiman eventually pulled all the threads together and made them fit into a textured, overarching narrative, many of the most superb issues (‘Men of Good Fortune,’ ‘A Dream of a Thousand Cats,’ ‘August,’ ‘Ramadan’) largely work as self-contained stories in their own right.

Neil Gaiman’s writing can be smart and poetic and sometimes downright pretentious, but while his literary affectations are what raised The Sandman above the crowd, there is also a ‘hip horror’ dimension to it, humorously contrasting arcane myths with the cynical modern world (like in ‘Vampirology,’ the best episode of the cult TV series Urban Gothic). As much as The Sandman tends to be praised more for its epic, oneiric adventures as well as for the smaller-scale, magic realism-tinged human dramas, a lot of it was proudly grim and shocking, including a fair amount of gore and even an unforgettable issue about a convention of serial killers. In fact, this mix set the tone for much of what was published in the first years of the Vertigo imprint.

Another aspect which is often understated is how much the series is steeped in DC continuity. Sure, this is more blatant in the early issues, which feature appearances by the likes of John Constantine, the demon Etrigan, Doctor Destiny, Mister Miracle, and the Martian Manhunter (you can even glimpse Batman in issue #2), but the references are there, in every book, until the very end, they just become subtler along the way. The thing is that, for the most part, it does work both ways – for example, you don’t have to know Morpheus’ raven used to be a supporting character in Swamp Thing in order to follow the plot, but if you do you gain an extra layer of enjoyment! What I find so cool about The Sandman is precisely how Gaiman puts all mythologies at the same level, whether biblical, pagan, or superhero-y. This pays off beautifully in the magnificent ‘Season of Mists’ storyline, where Lucifer quits and gives Morpheus the key to Hell, leading to diplomatic negotiations between all kinds of gods and creatures from various pantheons.

Of course Gaiman doesn’t deserve all the credit. Visionary editor Karen Berger is responsible for more sophisticated comics than anyone else in the industry. A veritable who’s who of renowned illustrators contributed to the series, the names changing to fit each arc’s specific mood. Letterer extraordinaire Todd Klein gave each of the main characters a distinctive font, reflecting their personalities. Groundbreaking artist Dave McKean provided covers that were unlike anything else in the market at the time:

Sandman 65     Sandman 39     Sandman 6

The Sandman is pretty amazing on its own, but if you add it to the first couple of Swamp Thing series, the original Hellblazer, and the brilliant Lucifer spin-off written by Mike Carey, you’ll get a true literary masterpiece – over 15,000 pages of what is arguably the greatest dark fantasy meta-narrative ever told, in any media.

The Dreaming spin-off wasn’t as impressive, despite a few solid stories (‘His Brother’s Keeper,’ ‘Day’s Work, Night’s Rest,’ ‘The Dark Rose,’ ‘Coyote’s Kiss’), but if you’re feeling generous you can add to the list neat mini-series like Love Street, Petrefax, The Furies, Witchcraft, and Witchcraft: La Terreur, not to mention the two Death minis written by Gaiman himself. With a fun, balls-to-the-wall attitude, Lady Constantine, Taller Tales, and Thessaly: Witch for Hire are set in the same corner of the Vertigo world as well. As for Sandman Mystery Theatre, while also connected, I would argue that it shouldn’t make the cut because the tone is just too removed (it’s a realistic mystery series set in the 1930s with good character work and an eye for the period, albeit with very weak mysteries…).

THE SPECTRE

The Spectre 06 The Spectre (v3) #6

Even by DC standards, the Spectre’s origin (created by Jerry Siegel and Bernard Baily) is notoriously bleak. In 1940, gangsters shoved NYPD Detective Jim Corrigan into a barrel, encased him in concrete, and threw him into the river. Instead of letting him move on to the afterlife, however, God sent Corrigan back as a spirit of vengeance, i.e. a ghostly cop on a mission to liquidate evil-doers.

One of the draws of the character are the grisly and often ironic punishments he dispenses. Michael Fleisher and Jim Aparo (closely edited by Joe Orlando) went nuts with this in a legendary run on Adventure Comics (later collected as Wrath of the Spectre), where the Spectre melted a crook alive like a piece of wax and cut up another one with a pair of giant scissors before turning his accomplice into a pile of sand, among other gruesome spells.

A wordy, convoluted series in the late eighties went in a different direction, drawing horror from more esoteric lore in the form of demons and sorcery. Writer Doug Moench drastically depowered the Spectre (an aftermath of Crisis on Infinite Earths) and made him a separate, if bonded, entity from Jim Corrigan, who was now a hardboiled private investigator who said things like ‘If only every gumball were a mystery solved by teeth.’

In their long run in the 1990s (a comic you should own if there ever was one), John Ostrander and Tom Mandrake explained away Moench’s series and just ran with the notion that the Spectre was an all-powerful bastard again – in fact, he was the embodiment of the wrath of God. This allowed Mandrake to come up with all kinds of inventive and horrific visuals (dazzlingly lettered by Todd Klein). Meanwhile, Ostrander confronted the Spectre with moral dilemmas about the nature of Evil, including hot topics such as AIDS, women’s oppression, and homophobia, plus DC’s version of the Yugoslav Wars and the Arab-Israeli conflict. The series grew into a fantastical, theological odyssey, complete with provocative quotations at the beginning of each issue. Ostrander also nailed the tough cop personality of Jim Corrigan, whom he sent on a spiritual journey, literally searching for God, and then allowed to move on in a beautiful ending that finally provided closure to the character (which of course did not prevent DC from repeatedly attempting to revive the property in all kinds of weird ways).

Adventure Comics 431     The Spectre 05     The Spectre 02

Ostrander’s and Mandrake’s tremendous Spectre series stood on the border between Vertigo and the DC Universe. On the one hand, this was a very dark comic and it featured several cameos by characters associated with the Vertigo line at the time (the Spectre even fought the American Scream, from Shade, the Changing Man). On the other hand, the authors kept the series action-packed and were not afraid to engage in big superhero crossovers. Ostrander also brought back a number of faces from his previous titles, most notably the unorthodox priest Richard Craemer (formerly a supporting character in Suicide Squad).

I should point out that Batman and the Spectre have crossed paths numerous times, their contrasting methods and personalities making for some nice stories. My favorites: ‘Grasp of the Killer Cult’ (The Brave and the Bold #116) and ‘A Savage Innocence’ (The Spectre (v3) #51).

STICKLEBACK

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What if a Professor Moriarty-type master criminal was the hero of the story? Well, not so much the ‘hero’ as the sort of despicable, manipulative evil genius that’s shamefully fun to read about… and not even one of those charming rogues with a heart o’ gold, but a mean, ruthless, hunchbacked old geezer who can be as chilling as Papa Lazarou. And the more you read, the more you realize there may be something even more surprising hiding underneath his skin!

Set in a steam and clockpunk London at the turn of the 19th century, Stickleback is a rollicking ride of supernatural mayhem. As the intro to the second collection puts it: ‘Herein there are frights, phantasms and fantastiques aplenty. Good does not always triumph, crime often pays and the evil that men do may perversely prove to be the salvation of us all.’ For all the horridness and grotesquerie, though, it’s quite an enjoyable read, as each page is chockfull of wit and hidden background references.

Stickleback - Number of the Beast    2000AD 1824    2000 AD 1911

Masterly written by Ian Edginton, Stickleback takes place in the same reality as Edginton’s splendid pirate comic The Red Seas and it’s just as imaginative in the way it mercilessly puts a twist on familiar archetypes. (And yes, Edginton basically remade the scene above in the first issue of his Sherlock Holmes vs Zombies series, Victorian Undead.)

However, it’s the stunning art that truly elevates the comic. Not only does D’Israeli come up with maniacally flamboyant designs, he draws the whole thing in a high contrast style with nifty use of negative space reminiscent of woodblock printing.

 

NEXT: Even more gothic comics.

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Non-Batman gothic comics – part 1

If you’re into Batman comics, it’s not a far cry to assume you enjoy gothic horror. After all, that’s a built-in feature of the Dark Knight. It’s been there right from the start…

detective comics 33Detective Comics #33

As Mark Fisher (citing Kim Newman) points out here, just looking at Batman’s first origin page, you can find echoes of Frankenstein (Bruce as master scientist), The Fall of the House of Usher (Wayne Manor’s melancholy, quasi-aristocratic splendor), Dracula (“Creatures of the night, what sweet music they make”), and The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (“You shall become Caligari”).

With that in mind, Batman fans may also want to check out other awesome gothic comics:

BERNIE WRIGHTSON’S SHORT STORIES

Freak ShowFreak Show

Bernie ‘Berni’ Wrightson is comics’ undisputed master of gothic art, able to bring to life both grotesque creations and lyrical beauty while imbuing each page with the eeriest of atmospheres. His drawings are the stuff The Misfits’ songs are made of.

In the mid-1970s, Wrightson illustrated several black-and-white horror stories for Warren magazines, often written by Bruce Jones. The stories aren’t exactly *scary* in the way of, say, recent movies like It Follows or Starry Eyes, but there is definitely something dreamlike and ominous about them. They’re mostly ghoulish tales with clever twist endings – some of them original, others adapting classic works from authors like Edgar Allan Poe and H.P. Lovecraft. I particularly like the über-morbid poems ‘Clarice’ and ‘A Martian Saga.’

It goes without saying that these are gorgeous comics, but there is also a lot of visual diversity here, as Bernie Wrightson experimented with different styles and techniques, making the most out of the material.

Freakshow   Creepy presents Bernie Wrightson   Berni Wrightson Master of the Macabre 3

Most of this stuff has been collected in the Master of the Macabre mini-series as well as, more recently, in the Creepy Presents: Bernie Wrightson hardcover. There is also a neat graphic novel called Freak Show, which collects a handful of Wrightson stories with the same gothic mood!

DEADMAN

STRANGE ADVENTURES 205Strange Adventures #205

Like other tragic protagonists on this list, the acrobat Boston Brand, aka Deadman, dies on his very first issue (Strange Adventures #205, dated October 1967). After being shot by a mysterious assailant with a hook for a hand during a trapeze performance, Boston Brand’s spirit is granted (by a Hindu goddess called Rama Kushna) the power to possess any living creature, so his ghost goes on a quest to find his own killer. On the way, Deadman possesses his way into every kind of crime story, involving drug dealers, biker gangs, counterfeiters, human traffickers, and, ultimately, an international society of assassins!

Deadman became such a fan-favorite that he stuck around the DC Universe long after he found his murderer and completed his karmic mission, often guest-starring in superhero tales. His early solo adventures, though, are old-school, pulpy ghost comics, even if atypically following the perspective of the ghost instead of the haunted.

Strange Adventures 205     Strange Adventures 207     Deadman 4

Although Deadman was originally created by Arnold Drake and Carmine Infantino (with inks by George Roussos), he is mostly associated with Neal Adams, who took over pencil duties in the second story and worked on the character for years. Adams brought the same kind of gothic sensibility he would bring to Batman comics, not to mention some seriously dynamic panel layouts and a number of breathtaking splash pages. His muscular style ensured consistency even as Deadman was pushed around across various titles and writers, including a handful of reliably trippy scripts by Neal Adams himself!

Yet Adams’ stories aren’t the only ones worth tracking down. Len Wein and José Luis García-López finished a brief run on Adventure Comics with a moving, gritty little tale called ‘Never Say Die!’ Bob Haney and Jim Aparo worked their usual magic in The Brave and the Bold by delivering cool team-ups between Deadman and the Dark Knight (especially ‘Second Chance for a Deadman?’ and ‘Another Kind of Justice!’). In the late eighties, Mike Baron and Dan Jurgens did an oddball series in Action Comics Weekly that started with a CIA agent getting possessed by a Mayan god in the middle of an Iran-Contra operation and it evolved into this sidesplitting sequence where Satan takes over Mikhail Gorbachev and Deadman counter-attacks by taking over Ronald Reagan… and it only gets wilder from there.

ENIGMA

EnigmaEnigma #1

And then there is Enigma, a weird, fascinating mini-series that reaches a whole other level. The plot concerns an uptight man who feels responsible for the fact that strange comic book characters are coming to life and wrecking violent chaos upon the world, with some viciously disturbing results. Yet the truth is even more astounding than he imagines…

In fact, the whole thing turns out to be an existentialist trip in which writer Peter Milligan explores his usual obsession with identity and sexuality while artist Duncan Fegredo and colorist Sherilyn van Valkenburgh do their best to unsettle the hell out of readers. It’s also a postmodern masterpiece, what with its amusingly cynical narrator whose screwed up identity doesn’t become clear until the very end.

Enigma 3     Enigma 5     Enigma 8

I think Peter Milligan doesn’t get enough credit for his skills at writing horror, both of a surreal kind (Shade, the Changing Man) and in more conventional narratives (Sub-Mariner: The Depths). Even his Batman stuff is full of creepy moments. Moreover, the team of Milligan, Fegredo, and van Valkenburgh also produced one of the best psychological horror tales of ‘90s, the brilliant one-shot Face.

THE MAN-THING

Savage Tales 1Savage Tales 1Savage Tales #1

When biochemist Ted Sallis gets killed in a swamp, some pseudo-scientific mumbo-jumbo turns him into a mindless muck creature (aka Man-Thing) with a faint recollection of his humanity and the ability to burn those who fear him with his monstrous bare hands… As if this wasn’t enough of a bummer, the swamp happens to be located in an interdimensional nexus, ushering in various bizarre cosmic threats!

Despite having debuted first, Marvel’s Man-Thing seemed destined to become a lame version of DC’s Swamp Thing, with less impressive art and an even less inspired name (if prone to double entendres, culminating in the hilariously titled Giant-Size Man-Thing). The earlier comics, written by Gerry Conway and Roy Thomas, and even the first handful of stories written by Steve Gerber, were an OK mix of horror and adventure, with the odd twist that there was nothing heroic about the protagonist, who barely understood what was going on around him. However, Gerber soon started coming up with crazier and crazier ideas, like a fucked up version of Superman who thinks Man-Thing is his mother, or a peanut butter jar that transforms into a sword-wielding prince warrior (in the same issue that introduces Howard the Duck).

Steve Gerber’s run has become a cult classic, including the politically charged ‘A Question of Survival!,’ the psychedelic extravaganza ‘Battle for the Palace of the Gods!,’ the spooky ‘And When I Died…!,’ and the post-flower power psychological drama ‘A Candle for Sainte-Cloud.’ There is an early ‘70s underground vibe to these comics, not just because it feels like everyone involved was on drugs, but because of the angry social commentary on issues like racism, environmental destruction, and the ever-looming Vietnam War. One of the recurring villains is actually a construction company called F.A. Schist!

Adventure into Fear 11     Man-Thing 05     Giant-Size Man-Thing 3

Steve Gerber was one of the most interesting and original voices in the world of comics. His work on Man-Thing was full of experimentalism, from the stream-of-consciousness prose piece in ‘Song-Cry…of the Living Dead Man!’ to the metafictional final issue in which Gerber himself showed up to claim one of the characters had been dictating the stories he’d written (this was fifteen years before Grant Morrision famously wrote himself into Animal Man #26). I also really dig Gerber’s satirical tinge, particularly in the delirious saga of the old longshoreman who goes around dressed like a Viking trying to obliterate people he thinks have undermined the concept of masculinity.

Gerber went on to expand many of Man-Thing’s characters and concepts in other heady, offbeat comics he did for Marvel, such as Omega the Unknown, The Defenders, and Foolkiller, not to mention his quirky comedy runs on Howard the Duck and The Sensational She-Hulk.

 

NEXT: More gothic comics.

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Top 20 Batman: Black & White stories

It’s no secret that many of the greatest Batman short stories are black-and-white. There’s something about the mood, between art house and classic Hollywood (serials aside), the urgent page count, and the overall sense of bare-bones minimalism that seems to bring out the best in everybody involved. Or maybe it’s just the fact that the most amazing creators in the industry have worked with this format…

I highly recommend the Black & White collections for anyone looking to read a bunch of solid Dark Knight tales – hell, for anyone who wants to read kick-ass comics with a fair amount of experimentation and little concern for continuity.

These are the top 20 stories:

20. ‘Long Day’ (Dustin Nguyen)

Batman Black & White 04

19. ‘I Killed the Bat!’ (Blair Butler, Chris Weston)

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18. ‘Greetings from Gotham City’ (John Arcudi, Tony Salmons)

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17. ‘Legend’ (Walter Simonson)

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16. ‘Hide and Seek’ (Paul Levitz, Paul Rivoche)

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15. ‘Into the circle’ (Rafael Grampá)

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14. ‘Funny Money’ (Harlan Ellison, Gene Ha)

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13. ‘Fear is the Key’ (Mike Carey, Steve Mannion, Hilary Barta)

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12. ‘An Innocent Guy’ (Brian Bolland)

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11. ‘Head Games’ (Howard Mackie, Chris Samnee)

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10. ‘The Bet’ (Paul Dini, Ronnie del Carmen)

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9. ‘A Black and White World’ (Neil Gaiman, Simon Bisley)

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8. ‘The Black and White Bandit’ (Dave Gibbons)

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7. ‘Case Study’ (Paul Dini, Alex Ross)

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6. ‘Namtab’ (Rian Hughes)

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5. ‘To Become the Bat’ (Warren Ellis, Jim Lee)

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4. ‘Two of a Kind’ (Bruce Timm)

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3. ‘Last Call at McSurley’s’ (Mike W. Barr, Alan Davis)

Gotham Knights 252. ‘Devil’s Trumpet’ (Archie Goodwin, José Muñoz)

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  1. ‘Perpetual Mourning’ (Ted McKeever)

batman - black & white #1

NEXT: Gothic calling.

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An average week in the life of Batman

MONDAY

BATMAN 156Batman #156

TUESDAY

Batman 333Batman #333

WEDNESDAY

batman adventures #25 The Batman Adventures #25

THURSDAY

Batman Brave and the Bold #10Batman: The Brave and the Bold #10

FRIDAY

detective comics #571Detective Comics #571

SATURDAY

Batman: Black & White #6Batman: Black & White (v2) #6

SUNDAY

Gotham Adventures #23Gotham Adventures #23Gotham Adventures #23

 

NEXT: Batman in black & white.

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The Mark of Zorro

Batman - Dark Knight Returns 1The Dark Knight Returns

It’s been fully established by now that Bruce Wayne’s parents watched The Mark of Zorro with him shortly before they were killed. Well, at least in the comics – on the big screen, Tim Burton changed it to Footlight Frenzy, for some reason, and Chistopher Nolan classed things up by changing it into a performance of Mefistofele.

But in the comics, The Mark of Zorro it is:

batman adventures v2 #1Batman Adventures (v2) #1

Most writers have taken it to be the 1940 version, starring Tyrone Power. It makes sense, since that film is essentially all about a dude pretending to be a foppish, wealthy playboy while secretly acting as a dark-clad vigilante who uses theatrics to bring justice to his hometown.

The Mark of Zorro

It’s also a pretty cool movie. It’s fast-paced and moody-looking and it exudes a genuine sense of hell-for-leather swashbuckling adventure. I dig all those shadows and lavish costumes! The plot is basically Robin Hood in Southern California, with Tyrone Power as a charming hero who seems to be having as much fun as the audience. Sadly, the amazing Linda Darnell isn’t given much to do outside the romantic subplot (she was 16 at the time of shooting – it took another few years before the studios let her have a go at meatier roles). Then again, you’ve got to love Basil Rathbone as a smarmy villain who waves his sword around like a Freudian metaphor.

Batman 459 Batman #459

Like many aspects of Batman’s origin, the actual film the Waynes watched on that fateful night was only determined retroactively, decades later. Indeed, some have pointed out that, at least as far as the original Batman is concerned, the chronology doesn’t fit. After all, the Dark Knight debuted in 1939, a year before the Tyrone Power film. With that in mind, it would be more fitting to assume Bruce’s parents took him to watch the 1920 silent version of The Mark of Zorro, starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr (which was in fact an obvious influence on Bill Finger and Bob Kane when they created Batman).

Personally, I prefer the Tyrone Power movie, even though the Douglas Fairbanks one does feature a Batman-like secret passage through a grandfather clock, plus a handful of frantic swordfights and action scenes!

The Mark of Zorro 1920The Caped Crusader isn’t the only Gotham citizen to draw conscious inspiration from Zorro. There is also the Cavalier, especially in the rebooted version that James Robinson and Tim Sale introduced with their excellent story ‘Blades.’

Legends of the Dark Knight 32Legends of the Dark Knight #32

Don’t take my word for it. The Mark of Zorro poster is right there on the wall of the Cavalier’s apartment:

Legends of the Dark Knight 32Legends of the Dark Knight #32

All in all, the Zorro connection is a neat little piece of Batman lore, one that pays homage to the character’s pulp origins. It’s particularly cool for fans of both classic cinema and superhero comics (I know I’m not the only one). And it’s nice to know that, even with Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo having radically reinvented the Dark Knight mythos over these past years, this is one bit of continuity that is still firmly in place.

Hopefully, it will carry on from generation to generation:

batman & robin 20Batman and Robin #20

NEXT: Batman vs gorillas.

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Taking a break… (August 2015)

Action Comics Annual 001Action Comics Annual (v2) #1
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12 slapstick Batman covers

It’s been a while since I last browsed through the Grand Comics Database in search for neat cover patterns like Batman’s encounters with angry animals or his freaky sartorial choices. So today I bring you a dozen covers with the Dynamic Duo involved in pratfalls, wacky chases, ludicrous stunts, and other slapstick hijinks.

Cue the Yakety Sax!

Batman 02Batman 33Detective Comics 161Detective Comics 96Detective Comics 134Detective Comics 74Detective Comics 74Detective Comics 121Star Spangled ComicsWorld's Finest Comics 23Batman 93Batman 39

NEXT: Batman goes to the movies.

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Spotlight on The Punisher MAX

Punisher MAX 01

What if The Punisher comics were much darker, more gruesomely violent, and aimed at a mature audience? That’s the premise of The Punisher MAX, Garth Ennis’ grim reimagining of Frank Castle’s war on crime.

If Garth Ennis’ previous work with the character had drawn on his flair for iconoclastic comedy, the MAX series came from a very different place, namely from his passion for intense war stories. Ennis’ work has often included depictions of war, ranging from heartfelt episodes in Preacher to amusing vignettes in Hitman. He has written war as cyberpunk sci-fi in Bloody Mary and as an all-out slapstick spoof in Adventures in the Rifle Brigade. In 2001, however, Ennis blew everyone away when he began a lengthy set of powerful, well-researched, highly realistic, and morally complex war comics.

War Story - D-Day DodgersWar Story: D-Day Dodgers

After honing his skills by updating DC’s German pilot Enemy Ace in the excellent War in Heaven, Ennis wrote a series of unconnected one-shots for Vertigo covering various aspects of World War II. These are works of unbelievably detailed military fiction as well as thought-provoking tales that avoid easy answers – instead of enthusiastically celebrating or condemning war, Garth Ennis preferred to examine at close range the diverse ways in which participants engaged with the conflict. Indeed, these aren’t just good comics, but some of the best WWII storytelling out there, in any media – they match and even top the feel of great movies like Twelve O’Clock High and The Big Red One. I particularly like the tank odyssey ‘Johann’s Tiger’ and the Spanish Civil War-set ‘Condors,’ which humanize the German soldiers while adding further insight into this seminal historical era.

Ennis would go on to write a plethora of varied war tales, including the political revenge fantasy 303 and the horror short movie Stitched, among many others. He launched another series of WWII stories, Battlefields, starting with the brilliant ‘The Night Witches’ and ‘Dear Billy,’ which put more emphasis on the female war experience (the same goes for his latest war comic, the brutal ‘The Last German Winter’). That said, you can tell that the further Ennis got into the mindset of this era, the more jingoistic and simplistic his writing became. This tendency was already evident in 2007, in his Dan Dare mini-series, albeit somewhat disguised by the science fiction setting – and it has plagued much of his subsequent work. The sequels to ‘Night Witches’ were a perfect example of taking an initially multifaceted, fascinating character and gradually turning her into a one-note heroine that seemed like little more than Ennis’ mouthpiece. Still, as inconsistent as his output has been of late, Garth Ennis remains one of the most interesting voices in the field of war comics!

And it was precisely a war comic that kicked off Ennis’ reinvention of the Frank Castle saga, namely the 2003 MAX mini-series Born:

punisher: bornpunisher: bornBorn #1

With art by the amazing team of Darick Robertson, Tom Palmer, and Paul Mounts, Born looked at Frank Castle’s past in the Vietnam War, when he was stationed at Firebase Valley Forge, a remote strategic outpost on the South Vietnamese-Cambodian border. Ennis showed that Frank was already a self-righteous, cold-hearted killer even before the murder of his family sent him on a bloody crusade against crime. In fact, the comic went as far as to suggest that Frank was so addicted to war that he made a deal with some kind of dark entity in order to have a pretext to continue fighting forever – in other words, his fixation on violence may have actually been behind the tragedy that befell his wife and children:

born_04_p21Born #4

Despite this supernatural twist, the following The Punisher MAX ongoing series stayed firmly grounded in reality. The tone was reinforced through realistic art (by multiple artists) and ultra-somber colors, not to mention Tim Bradstreet’s photo-like covers:

Punisher MAX 31     Punisher MAX 03     Punisher MAX 10

This is not to say, of course, that the series was entirely realistic… After all, like every Punisher comic, it rested on generous suspension of disbelief. For one thing, readers were asked to assume that Frank’s killing spree never had any unintentional collateral damage (nor was there any moral ambiguity regarding his hundreds of victims).

What’s more, the fact that most of the action and violence was relatively believable only made it more exciting when, every once in a while, Ennis decided to push the limits of the human body:

The Punisher MAX 06The Punisher MAX #6

Besides the hardcore carnage, Ennis also used the freedom of the R-rated Marvel MAX imprint in terms of dialogue. Ennis’ books are usually quite talky, with characters explaining things to one another in minute detail and insulting each other at length, but this has to be one of the most foulmouthed comics ever published, as page after page is filled with every single taboo word in the English language, almost to the point of self-parody.

The endless swearing fits in with the series’ exploitative and aggressively masculine attitude. Yet, at its best, The Punisher MAX often managed to rise above dumb tropes and tell smart, provoking stories. For example, after stumbling a bit in the initial couple of arcs, Garth Ennis delivered his first home run with ‘Mother Russia,’ in which Frank is sent to retrieve a biological weapon from a Russian missile silo and almost ends up starting a nuclear war.

The Punisher MAX 18 The Punisher MAX #18

On top of being a relentless thriller, with the usual mix of adrenaline and testosterone, ‘Mother Russia’ gave Ennis a chance to explore some of the paradoxes of post-Cold War politics, particularly through the character of Nikolai Alexandrovich Zakharov, a Soviet-style general who felt like a man out of his time.

Zakharov returned in ‘Man of Stone,’ which, as Afghanistan-set action stories go, beats the shit out of Rambo III. Not only that, it also happens to have more poignant political insight than anything in that movie, including the priceless scene where an old man explains to an impressed Sylvester Stallone why Americans should give support to the Mujahedeen, as that will never come back to bite them in the ass in any way whatsoever (seen now, this scene seems kookier than anything in the spoof Hot Shots! Part Deux).

The Punisher MAX 11     The Punisher MAX 37     The Punisher MAX 51

To be sure, the Tony Soprano-looking General Zakharov is only one of several larger-than-life villains in the comic. Ennis excelled at writing truly loathsome characters, with each story arc earning the inevitable moment when the Punisher delivered the cathartic kill shot. ‘The Slavers’ did this by drawing on real world problems in a stomach-churning tale about a vicious Eastern European human trafficking ring. With a more tongue-in-cheek vibe, ‘Barracuda’ saw Frank fighting a dude with the words ‘Fuck You’ written on his golden teeth (that’s right, Grant Morrison and Alan Moore aren’t the only comic influences on Nic Pizzolatto’s mind when he’s writing True Detective!).

Among the extensive cast, Garth Ennis also brought back familiar faces from other comics. This included Frank’s former crime-fighting partner Microchip as well as a couple of characters Ennis had first introduced in his previous Punisher series, at the Marvel Knights imprint – SAS officer Yorkie Mitchell (from the Punisher-in-Belfast issue ‘Downtown’) and social worker Jen Cooke (from the twisted arc ‘Hidden’). That said, The Punisher MAX was certainly not set in the regular Marvel Universe, but in a non-superpowered world much like our own. So these are MAX versions of those characters, just like Frank Castle is another version of the guy fighting Daredevil in official continuity, and just like the Nick Fury who shows up is clearly the version Ennis reimagined in his 2001 Fury MAX mini-series…

The Punisher MAX 13The Punisher MAX #13

Then again, there is a case to be made that many of Garth Ennis’ comics are connected anyway, even across different publishers… The Fury MAX mini alludes to Preacher’s Arseface. Ennis’ war comic ‘The Firefly and His Majesty’ (published by Dynamite) briefly mentions the protagonist of ‘Johann’s Tiger’ (published by Vertigo). And former CIA agent Kathryn O’Brien, who plays an important role throughout The Punisher MAX, is implied to be Kathryn McAllister, one of the love interests of Tommy Monaghan in Hitman…

The Punisher MAX 21 The Punisher MAX #21
Punisher MAX 40The Punisher MAX #40

As for the protagonist, Ennis wrote a mean Punisher who was basically an obsessed, unstoppable force, killing and torturing whoever he felt deserved it without giving it a second’s thought. Unlike the tormented Adrian Chase, Frank Castle just carried out his mission with amoral determination and without a hint of regret.

The interesting thing is that, even though readers were asked to root for the Punisher in every single story, the way the series was set up as a whole actually invited them to question his mission. After all, as each arc spread into the next, it became increasingly clear that all the plots were tightly connected and that even though the Punisher used terminal force, his actions always had consequences – for every gangster he killed, there was a sibling or a widow out for revenge. Not only was Frank’s crusade not able to put an end to the wider evil or to structural problems, his violent methods kept breeding further retaliation and mayhem.

Frank Castle became a metaphor for war itself, a point that was powerfully made in Ennis’ superb final story, ‘Valley Forge, Valley Forge.’ Frank was the darkness spat out by Vietnam, the embodiment of the excesses of the war on drugs, his mission as stubborn and endless as the war on terror.

Punisher MAX 42Punisher MAX 42The Punisher MAX #42

Besides writing sixty issues of The Punisher MAX, Garth Ennis also wrote a few specials, such as The Cell (a badass prison tale, with art by Lewis LaRosa), The Tyger (a moving exploration of Frank’s pre-Vietnam youth, with art by John Severin), and the spin-off The Punisher presents: Barracuda (which mistakes being outrageous with being funny, thus wasting the skills of talented artist Goran Parlov).

Ennis wasn’t the only one doing specials, though – in fact, there were plenty of one-shots, of varying quality. Duane Swierczynski’s Force of Nature and Rob Williams’ Get Castle stood out as particularly entertaining. 2012 then saw the launch of a short anthology of Untold Tales of Punisher MAX, but it was mostly forgettable (although I quite like the punchline in ‘Jimmy’s Collision’).

The best, as usual, were the holiday specials (written by Andy Diggle, Stuart Moore, and Jason Aaron), which revived the old tradition of dressing up the Punisher in a Santa Claus outfit:

Punisher X-Mas Special 2006     The Punisher Silent Night     The Punisher X-Mas Special 2009

After Garth Ennis left, the series went on for another 15 issues, with rotating teams, but it never recaptured the heights of the Ennis run. However, somebody eventually had the idea of relaunching the series with Jason Aaron on writing duties, which was a stroke of genius. After all, in The Other Side Jason Aaron had already proven that he could get into the head of a Vietnam soldier and with Scalped he had proven that he could write intelligent crime comics better than almost anyone else. And damn it if Aaron didn’t turn out to be sick enough to out-Ennis the hell out of the Punisher:

PunisherMAX 01     PunisherMAX 06     PunisherMAX 13

To sweeten the deal even more, Steve Dillon came in as artist. Dillon, apart from having been a longtime collaborator of Garth Ennis, was no stranger to the Punisher. And crucially, even though his style was cartoonier than that of his predecessors, Dillon did not shy away from disturbingly graphic violence:

punisher maxpunisher maxPunisher MAX (v2) #1

The high concept of the Jason Aaron/Steve Dillon run was that, if this was a fucked up universe with brutal versions of Marvel characters like Frank Castle and Nick Fury, then why stop there? So the comic also introduced seriously fucked up takes on the Kingpin (and his wife Vanessa), Bullseye, and Elektra.

Jason Aaron didn’t merely reinvent old toys, though. He added eccentric new creations into the mix, including a Mennonite hitman:

Punisher Max #4Punisher MAX (v2) #4

The series also had a true sense of momentum, with Frank Castle’s ageing body increasingly reaching its limits and everyone closing in on the Punisher after he finally took the fatal step of going after a dirty cop.

In the end, Jason Aaron got to write the ultimate Punisher story and Steve Dillon got to draw it. And while those final issues are the ones that close the lid on The Punisher MAX, the true culmination of the reexamination of Frank Castle’s saga that began in Born took place halfway through, when Frank found himself falling apart psychologically. In a cruel yet logical twist, he recalled how his idealized family life had actually been a complicated adaptation process – like many other vets, Frank had felt more at home as a soldier in the killing fields of Vietnam than as a husband and father leading a suburban life:

punisher max 13Punisher MAX (v2) #13

NEXT: Slapstick fun, with Batman and Robin.

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Spotlight on Vigilante

Vigilante 08Vigilante #8

Vigilante was a train wreck of a comic – a baffling, mesmerizing, kamikaze train wreck of a comic. Published between 1983 and 1988, this was DC’s answer to the Punisher, only grittier and more depressing, spiraling as it did from a self-destructive premise all the way down to an even more self-destructive ending (which I will totally spoil below). I can’t tell you it’s a fun read, but it is a series I’ve found myself revisiting, if nothing else to make sure it’s as fucked up as I remembered.

The comic revolves around Adrian Chase, an anti-hero if there ever was one. Although Vigilante is mostly a standalone crime series and gives you all the background you need in the first issue, fans of the Dynamic Duo may be interested to know Adrian Chase first appeared in the superhero extravaganza The New Teen Titans, by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez. Chase was a hotheaded district attorney who became a recurring character in that book, occasionally asking the Titans (led by Dick Grayson, aka Robin) to help him circumvent the rules…

New Teen Titans 26The New Teen Titans #26

Adrian Chase didn’t come across as a bad guy so much as a frustrated idealist trying to seek justice. The comic even drew a parallel between him and a certain Caped Crusader:

The New Teen Titans #26The New Teen Titans #26

Indeed, for a while there it seemed as if Adrian Chase was going to take Batman’s place as Dick Grayson’s crime-fighting partner. However, Dick soon found out that the only reason Chase brought him along as they broke into the house of a notorious drug lord was because Robin was legally deputized, so the D.A. could collar the mobster while engaging in a dodgy strategy of intimidation…

By the way, did I mentioned that Adrian Chase had a wife and kids? Yeah, I’m pretty sure you can guess how it all turned out:

new teen titans 34The New Teen Titans #34

Having survived the explosion, unlike his wife and children, in The New Teen Titans Annual #2 (‘The Murder Machine’) Adrian Chase created the identity of Vigilante as he tracked down the man responsible for the attack and then killed him, albeit sort of in self-defense. Chase later spun off into his own series, Vigilante, where he went after criminals who had been proven guilty yet were released on technicalities (a ‘technicality’ being right-wing fiction’s code for ‘rights of the accused’).

With New York’s rampant street crime as background and his family tragedy as a trigger to brutally take the law into his own hands, Adrian Chase basically came from the same tradition as characters like the Punisher and the Executioner, except that he found himself stuck in a comic that treated him like shit. This was a series about a street vigilante where the stories didn’t always validate his vigilantism – an attitude that was either more coward or way ballsier than usual. Typically, this subgenre of fiction asks the audience to accept that all the hero’s targets deserve what they get… Yet Vigilante put a revisionist twist on this by acknowledging that the protagonist’s actions could cause all sorts of horrible side effects but, hey, that was not enough to stop him! Or was it?

Vigilante 1     Vigilante 5     Vigilante 18

While the first fifteen issues were written (and edited) by Marv Wolfman in his signature over-the-top, melodramatic style, with ham-fisted exposition and gratuitous wall-to-wall action, they already showed some nuance. In the very first issue, the Vigilante keeps going after people whose motivations are more complicated than he initially assumes, even though he still gets to finish the story on a badass note, complete with some heavy-handed ironic juxtaposition and a callback to an earlier line. In the second issue, the Vigilante viciously beats up a man accused of having raped a nun but who turns out to be innocent (although he had previously raped someone else) – regretful, Chase then gives up his mission for a few pages, joins his father’s law firm, but changes his mind again when he is asked to defend a rapist, and gets back in the game. By the third issue, though, Chase decides he has no right to kill except in self-defense, so he spares the life of yet another rapist.

You may have spotted a pattern there. If you know one thing about ‘80s fiction is that it’s more likely than not to involve rape (no, it wasn’t just Alan Moore, even a witty, lighthearted comedy like Back to the Future had its share of sexual assault). Still, Vigilante must have set some kind of record! Seriously, at first Adrian Chase’s two partners were research assistant Theresa Gomez, a rape victim, and computer and weapons expert J.J. Davis, whose fiancée had also been raped!

I guess it helped that this was a direct market series which was not sold on the newsstands and didn’t carry the stamp of the Comics Code Authority. Making the most of this, Wolfman included some consensual sex as well:

Vigilante 05Vigilante 05Vigilante #5

Those first issues are all over the place, with Marv Wolfman throwing everything at the wall to see if it sticks. There’s exploitative sleaze and social commentary, but also entertaining mysteries and even some ventures into more traditional superhero territory, including a few other costumed characters running around… Wolfman introduced the gay hitmen Cannon and Saber, brought back the Electrocutioner (whom he had created in Batman #331), and wrote a story where the Vigilante punched Cyborg in the balls! He also gave Vigilante a weird, mystic origin that involved being trained by the spirits of the dead victims of evil, which the rest of the series largely ignored.

Some of this inconsistency may have been merely Wolfman trying to keep up with readers’ contradictory responses to the comic. That said, whether by design or popular demand, and for all its lack of subtlety, Vigilante deserves credit for addressing some of the complexity inherent to the topic of violent, outlaw justice, spurring heated debates in the letter columns. The extremely dark issue #12 (‘Journal’) summed up key contradictions of vigilantism concerning its visceral appeal, practical implications, and ethical considerations. By that stage, Adrian Chase was himself so conflicted that he decided to give the system one more try, this time as a judge.

The series had a nice second year. ‘Locke Room Murder!!’ is a fun whodunit and it culminates in a long, insane chase scene that makes about as much sense as the put-on-your-glasses fight in They Live. ‘Send in the Clowns’ is an odd little tale about a miserable circus clown. ‘Shadows’ features stylish, angular art by Trevor von Eeden, with a neat use of negative space:

Vigilante 14Vigilante #14

Wolfman gave way to other writers. Paul Kupperberg wrote the annual ‘Guilty until proven…’ and the fill-in ‘Under the Sidewalks of New York.’ Alan Moore wrote the two-parter ‘Father’s Day.’ Predictably, the results were just as twisted!

Moore, then well into his deconstructionist phase, totally ran with the notion that Vigilante was all about exposing the inadequacies of the titular character. In ‘Father’s Day,’ Adrian Chase is repeatedly beaten up, insulted, and humiliated… he even gets his motorbike stolen! More provocatively, Alan Moore takes the classic trope of a father who sexually abused his underage daughter and implies that the feelings involved in this awful situation may not fit comfortably with the black-and-white worldview at the core of this kind of stories.

‘Ups…and Downs!’ (Vigilante #19) inaugurated a new era, with Paul Kupperberg becoming the series’ regular writer (although working from Marv Wolfman’s plots in the first couple of issues). Now a judge, Adrian Chase once again threw away his mask. Shortly afterwards, though, a dude claiming to be the Vigilante hit the streets of New York and went on a killing spree, which didn’t do any favors for Chase’s precarious sanity. On the other hand, at least this prompted an appearance by Dick Grayson, then in his Nightwing persona:

Vigilante 20Vigilante #20

What followed was an ingenious mystery that lasted until issue #27 (‘Insanity’s End!’) and whose ramifications continued to echo as yet *another* Vigilante showed up!

Although Adrian Chase still hung around, he was effectively replaced as the titular hero…

Vigilante 29     Vigilante 30     Vigilante Annual 2

In fact, Vigilante dropped the earlier episodic structure and turned into more of an ensemble piece made up of ongoing, interwoven subplots. Along with the convoluted main saga, mostly illustrated by Tod Smith, Kupperberg threw in some gritty backup stories spotlighting different cast members, with moody art by Denys Cowan. One of his lasting creations was Lieutenant Harry Stein, an old school, chain-smoking cop with family troubles who headed the police task force seeking to apprehend the Vigilante:

Vigilante 24Vigilante #24

While Paul Kupperberg did his damnedest in terms of making Vigilante a legitimately hardboiled crime comic, he wasn’t exactly Dick Wolf when it came to writing about law. It’s no wonder Adrian Chase felt more and more frustrated as a judge, given that he was so shitty at it, actually letting criminals off the hook for silly reasons that defied common sense and basic jurisprudence. Yet Chase directed his anger at the system he misrepresented rather than at his own incompetence! Between this and his all-consuming guilt over the murders he had committed, he became even broodier and more unhinged…

Vigilante 31Vigilante #31

In any case, it was of course only a matter of time until Adrian Chase broke down and got back into the Vigilante’s skintight outfit, now with even more of a Travis Bickle edge. He did so in the last fifteen issues of the series, edited by Mike Gold. And if things had been rough before, Paul Kupperberg made them positively nightmarish in this final stretch of stories, which are soaked in blood, drugs, sexual violence, and socioeconomic decay, not to mention traces of Islamophobia. Starting with ‘Mommy Said Never Talk to Strangers…!’ (Vigilante #39), the series earned a ‘Suggested for Mature Readers’ label.

Despite the insistence on grim realism, this was also when Vigilante felt more comfortable with its place in the DC Universe. Kupperberg had largely disregarded the connection so far, apart from a few notable exceptions early on, such as the lingering presence of the Electrocutioner and vague references to Crisis on Infinite Earths in issue #22. Judge Adrian Chase had also met Superman in DC Comics Presents #92 (where Chase had refused to believe Superman’s testimony on the basis that nobody could be concentrated enough to witness anything while making out with Lana Lang).

Late eighties DC, however, was full of dark reboots, so even though Vigilante was still quite extreme, it didn’t seem as strange that the series could overlap with the rest of the shared universe. With that in mind, Kupperberg worked in some passing references to the ongoing Legends crossover and brought in one of his creations, Soviet defector Valentina Vostok (aka Negative Woman from Doom Patrol), as a semi-regular supporting character. He also introduced more costumed crime-fighters into the mix, including Adrian Chase’s kinky love interest Black Thorn (complete with a couple of steamy sex scenes) and the lunatic Peacemaker, who believed that souls stored in his goofy-looking helmet were guiding him down a path of peace-through-violence:

Vigilante 36Vigilante #36

Gotham City made its contribution as well. Commissioner Gordon had a small cameo, Sgt. Harvey Bullock played a prominent role near the end of the series, and Batman himself popped in to repeatedly kick Adrian Chase in the face.

Meanwhile, Chase was growing more and more out of control, especially after having murdered a policeman who got in his way. In the infamous Vigilante #50, self-doubt finally took its toll as Chase made one wrongheaded move too many, so he decided it was time to put a definite end to his mission.

A *definite* end:

Vigilante 50Vigilante #50

In the final issue, the Vigilante, aka Adrian Chase, killed himself. This was certainly coherent with the tone and themes of the series, but it’s got to be up there as the most downbeat ending of a pre-Brad Meltzer DCU comic. Just to make it clear: Chase didn’t die by sacrificing himself in the heat of battle or to achieve any kind of purpose other than personal closure. He just straight-up put a gun to his head and committed suicide!

It wasn’t the absolute end of the saga. Marv Wolfman tried to revive the concept by having others follow in Adrian Chase’s footsteps and dawning the Vigilante identity, first in 1992, on the pages of Deathstroke the Terminator, and again in 2007, on the pages of Nightwing.

Deathstroke 10     Nightwing 134     Vigilante 01

The true follow-up to Vigilante, though, was Checkmate!, a high-pitched spy comic created by Paul Kupperberg and Steve Erwin, which ran from 1988 until 1991. This was a pretty cool series, revolving around a shadowy organization specialized in covert operations. Kupperberg brought back various familiar faces from Vigilante, including Harry Stein and his former partner Gary Washington, the deranged Peacekeeper, and Black Thorn.

Checkmate 26     Checkmate 23     Checkmate 14

Most notably, Paul Kupperberg delivered a suitably sick coda to the tale of Adrian Chase in an issue where Black Thorn’s apartment was robbed and she asked a Checkmate agent for help in recovering her stuff. Guess what she cared about the most?

Checkmate 14 Checkmate! #14

NEXT: The Punisher MAX.

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Spotlight on The Punisher – part 2

punisher 02

The thing about the Punisher is that he’s a fairly one-dimensional character, so every so often the folks at Marvel come up with a desperate attempt to make things more interesting. And while they may not always succeed from a quality standpoint, it’s damn entertaining to watch them try!

Frank Castle’s saga has gone in some pretty crazy directions. They’ve tried making Frank black (insert Rachel Dolezal joke), a mobster, an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., an angel of vengeance (literally!), and even a Frankenstein monster (yep, as awesome as it sounds). The most daring plan, however, was unleashing Garth Ennis on the property!

Garth Ennis earned a reputation in the 1990s as one of the funniest writers working in mainstream comics, albeit with a raunchy, politically incorrect sense of humor largely based on extravagant sex and violence, not to mention physical deformity. Notably, Ennis didn’t hide his contempt for the world of superheroes – and while he later took this tendency to a mean-spirited extreme in The Boys, at the time it was still quite refreshing to see such a high-profile creator turn icons like Batman into the butt of his jokes.

PREACHER 04Preacher #4

This is what makes it so cool that the biggest publishers let Garth Ennis play in their sandbox. DC in particular has allowed Ennis to carve out his subversive little corner within larger, in-continuity franchises. He had John Constantine piss on the Phantom Stranger and smoke marijuana growing out of the Swamp Thing on the pages of Hellblazer. He mocked The Sandman’s pretentious mythology on the pages of The Demon. He hilariously humiliated popular characters like Lobo and, especially, Green Lantern on the pages of Hitman. He teamed up the gay superhero couple Apollo and Midnighter with a homophobic ex-SAS operative called Kev.

The Demon 55     Hitman/Lobo     Authority: Kev

Marvel got the Ennis treatment, first with 1995’s one-shot The Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe, then with the kickass limited series collected as Welcome Back, Frank, and finally with an ongoing Punisher series that lasted from 2001 to 2004. The fact that the last two were published through the Marvel Knights imprint probably gave Ennis a bit more leeway in terms of pushing the envelope, so he took the opportunity to outrageously disgrace the likes of Daredevil, Spider-Man, and Wolverine.

The Punisher v4 02 The Punisher (v6) #2

Up until that point, the Punisher’s comics had been mostly crime/action stories that happened to include funny one-liners. By contrast, Garth Ennis’ early work with the character was a straight-up black comedy that happened to include great crime/action set pieces.

We’ve seen more of this approach since then. Peter Milligan brought his surrealist wit into Wolverine/Punisher. On the more lowbrow end of the spectrum, Daniel Way went for a Loony Tunes-esque feel in Punisher vs. Bullseye. Matt Fraction worked some twisted humor into his run on Punisher War Journal (the issues ‘Small Wake for a Tall Man’ and ‘Survivors Guild’ especially stand out).

Although action-driven spectacle and iconoclastic comedy can work well together (RoboCop, Demolition Man, Machete), few can merge the two as well as Garth Ennis. He is as skilled at making you laugh as at delivering visually striking ‘awww yeah’ moments, such as the one at the end of the first issue of Welcome Back, Frank, where the Punisher throws a gangster off the Empire State Building just to spread the word that he’s back in town.

The Punisher v3 01The Punisher (v5) #1

Of course it helped that Steve Dillon was on art duty. Dillon is an amazing storyteller who can just as easily pull off comedic, action-packed, and dramatic sequences with perfect timing. Plus, after eight years of partnership on Hellblazer and Preacher, Dillon had developed a great rapport with Garth Ennis – and it really shone through in the way the duo kept coming up with ingenious ways to show the Punisher eliminating his opponents.

Ennis also nailed Frank Castle’s inner voice. Stoic, pragmatic, and driven-as-hell – it was the voice of an obsessive killing machine.

The Punisher v3 02 The Punisher (v5) #2

This matched Garth Ennis’ take on the whole concept of the Punisher. Rather than engaging with Frank Castle’s humanity or with the ideological implications of his actions, at first Ennis treated the Punisher as just an effective story device – a single-minded SOB to be thrown into absurd situations and against despicable villains in order to get laughs or primeval satisfaction.

Indeed, Welcome Back, Frank made the point that the character can be a fun aberration to read about without necessarily being treated as a role model. In the series, a bunch of new vigilantes applied the Punisher’s fundamentalist methods to their own causes: a Catholic priest killed sinners, a Michael Moore-like social crusader killed CEOs, and an upper class yuppie killed those who didn’t fit into his elitist view of his rich neighborhood. When they eventually tried to recruit Frank Castle into their gang, though, they found out that even the Punisher saw himself as an exception rather than the rule:

The Punisher v3 12 The Punisher v3 12 The Punisher (v5) #12

The longer Garth Ennis worked on The Punisher, the more the tone began to shift, the laugh-out-loud issues gradually alternating with more serious crime tales like ‘Brotherhood’ and ‘Streets of Laredo.’ Maybe Ennis ran out of gags. Or maybe there is only so long you can write about a relentless serial killer before your own misanthropic urges come to the surface. Or maybe, as the comic itself suggested in the last issue (in a callback to the earlier Empire State Building scene), it’s just that in the aftermath of 9/11 New York City didn’t seem like such an amusing place anymore:

The Punisher v4 37The Punisher (v6) #37

Truth be told, there had always been themes Ennis seemed to care sincerely about underneath all the juvenile jokes, such as religious dogma, male comradery, and the conflict in his native Northern Ireland. These were all topics he had poignantly addressed in one form or another in Hellblazer, Preacher, and Hitman – and sure enough, they found their way into The Punisher as well. (He would go on to explore them in a much more somber style in another series with the same character, The Punisher MAX, which I’ll discuss later this month.) Ennis’ work sometimes reminds me of Martin McDonagh’s play The Lieutenant of Inishmore or Tom Sharpe’s novel Riotous Assembly in that they all use pitch-black humor simultaneously as a form of gross-out slapstick and as a sardonic satire of real world violence.

Ennis capped this run with the neat The Punisher: The End. Although published by MAX Comics, The End is a perfect coda to Ennis’ previous work under the Marvel Knights imprint (much more so than The Resurrection of Ma Gnucci, the uninspired sequel to Welcome Back, Frank he did years later). This unforgettable one-shot takes place in a post-apocalyptic future where the Earth has been devastated by a Third World War and where there are only a handful of humans left alive… and where Frank Castle continues to go about looking for people to kill. The point is that the Punisher’s mission was never about making the world a nicer place per se – it was just about, for lack of a better word, punishing those who deserve punishment according to Frank’s uncompromising standards.

The Punisher - The End The Punisher: The End

It all goes back to how limited a character the Punisher is. Without many feelings or a hint of self-doubt, there isn’t that much you can do with Frank himself, so you have to invest extra hard in making the readers care about the people around him (most of which usually don’t survive the story).

I vaguely recall an interview with Chuck Dixon about how, even at the height of the early ‘90s Punisher craze, the character always sold better when he showed up in series other than his own, locking horns with popular heroes. I guess it’s more appealing to see the Punisher as a terrifying force of nature than to actually be privy to his disturbing private thoughts… Dixon therefore argued that Frank Castle should become ‘the villain in his own comic,’ shifting the series’ focus to the cops chasing the Punisher. Both Garth Ennis and Matt Fraction toyed with this idea – and more recently, it was at the core of Greg Rucka’s run in 2011-2013:

Punisher 05     Punisher 08     Punisher 16

Greg Rucka’s comics were really much less concerned with the Punisher than with how various characters reacted to him – cops, reporters, marines, criminals, and ultimately superheroes (especially in the follow-up series, Punisher War Zone). Frank Castle practically played a supporting role most of the time. You didn’t even see him utter a word until the end of the third issue!

The series started out highly decompressed, which is not everyone’s cup of tea, and it was a bit muddled by Marvel’s crossover fetishism, but it goes without saying that these were some damn good crime comics. After all, they were written by Greg Rucka, who is a master of capturing authentic-sounding dialogue and behavior by world-weary professionals. He can also write interesting and convincing street level stories about superpowers better than most, as he proved once again with the outstanding issue #11.

Rucka’s work does beg the question, though, of how far you can actually go in terms of problematizing a leading character and the consequences of his actions in a mainstream comics universe that revolves around basic formulas and is notoriously adverse to long-term change. That’s precisely what we’ll be examining next week.

 

NEXT: Vigilante.

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